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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1369231

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La pandemia por Covid-19 ha generado cambios en la atención de salud nacional, observándose en este período cambios en las causas de egresos hospitalarios (EH). OBJETIVO: Analizar el impacto del brote de Covid-19 en las causas de EH por enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central (ESNC) en población pediátrica durante el primer año de pandemia. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal. Análisis de base de datos del Departamento de Estadística e Información en Salud en pacientes de 0 a 18 años, comparando años 2019 y 2020. RESULTADOS: En 2020 se redujeron EH por ESNC en un 39% comparado con 2019. Disminuyeron principalmente los EH por secuelas de enfermedades inflamatorias SNC, parálisis cerebral, migraña y paraplejia/cuadriplejia, aumentando los EH por isquemia cerebral transitoria, enfermedades desmielinizantes SNC y polineuropatía inflamatoria. El número EH por ESNC mensual se correlacionó con el número de casos Covid-19 (rho -0.774, p0.003) y con la movilidad mensual del país (rho 0.928, p 0.001). CONCLUSIONES: El impacto del brote Covid-19 se asoció con reducción de EH por ESNC, disminuyeron EH por patologías crónicas y aumentaron causas agudas.


INTRODUCTION: The Covid-19 pandemic has been associated with modifications in national health care, with changes in causes of hospital discharges (HD) in this period. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on causes of HD due to Central Nervous System Diseases (CNSD) in pediatric population during the first year of pandemic. METHOD: Cross-sectional study. Analysis of database of the Department of Statistics and Health Information in patients aged 0 to 18 years, comparing 2019 and 2020. RESULTS: In 2020, HD due to CNSD were reduced in 39% compared to 2019. HD causes that mainly decreased were inflammatory CNS disease sequelae, cerebral palsy, migraine and paraplegia/cuadriplegia. The HD that increased were transient cerebral ischemia, CNS demyelinating diseases and inflammatory polyneuropathy. The monthly HD due to CNSD number was correlated with the number of Covid-19 cases (rho -0.774, p0.003) and with the country's monthly mobility (rho 0.928, p 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Covid-19 pandemic was associated with a reduction in HD due to CNSD, with decrease of EH due to chronic pathologies and increase of acute diseases


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data , Central Nervous System Diseases , COVID-19 , Pediatrics , Chile/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pandemics
2.
J. inborn errors metab. screen ; 8: e20200012, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1143187

ABSTRACT

Abstract Given the lack of standardized guidance for follow-up of patients with neuronal ceroid lipofucsinosis-2 disease in Latin-American countries and the heterogeneity of the region, an expert panel was created with the participation of 11 pediatric neurologists from Colombia, Argentina, Brazil and Chile. The aim of the expert panel was to describe a framework for standardized follow-up in patients with neuronal ceroid lipofucsinosis-2 disease, on or off therapy, that could benefit patients and treating physicians alike. Experts made recommendations in the following areas: seizures, abnormal movements and ataxia, sleep disorders and pain, cognitive function, visual function, hearing and speech, cardiac function, quality of life, and motor function. Recommendations include the most appropriate tools for use in the Latin-American context and health care systems, and provide feasible follow-up guidance, applicable in public and private healthcare facilities. They take into consideration the availability of clinical assessment resources, tools (scales, questionnaires, paraclinical tests) and access to these tools in Latin-American countries, as well as other regional and local needs defined by the participating experts.

3.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 88(1): 41-49, 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-844584

ABSTRACT

El complejo de esclerosis tuberosa (CET) es una enfermedad autosómica dominante multisistémica producida por mutaciones en los genes supresores de tumores TSC1 o TSC2. Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica y genéticamente pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de CET. Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo de registros clínicos de 42 pacientes pediátricos controlados en un servicio de neuropsiquiatría infantil con diagnóstico de CET y estudio genético en 21 de ellos. Se amplificó por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y secuenció el exón 15 del gen TSC1 y los exones 33, 36 y 37 del gen TSC2. Se analizó la relación entre las mutaciones encontradas con la severidad y evolución clínica. Resultados: En el 61,9% de los pacientes las manifestaciones comenzaron antes de los 6 meses de edad. Las manifestaciones iniciales de CET más frecuentes fueron las crisis convulsivas (73,8%) y el hallazgo de rabdomiomas cardiacos (16,6%). Durante su evolución, todos los pacientes presentaron compromiso neurológico; el 92,9% presentó epilepsia. Todos los pacientes presentaron máculas hipomelanóticas, 47,6% pangiofibromas faciales, 23,8% parches de Shagreen, 47,6% rabdomiomas cardiacos y 35,7% hamartomas retinianos. El estudio genético realizado a 21 pacientes identificó 2 mutaciones heterocigotas patogénicas en TSC1 y una en TSC2. Este último paciente presentaba un fenotipo clínico más severo. Conclusiones: Las manifestaciones neurológicas y dermatológicas fueron las más frecuentes en los pacientes con CET. Se identificaron 2 mutaciones patogénicas en el gen TSC1 y una en el gen TSC2. La mutación en TSC2 se manifestó en un fenotipo clínico más severo.


Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the tumor suppressor genes TSC1 or TSC2. Objective: To characterize clinically and genetically patients diagnosed with TSC. Patients and Method: Descriptive study of clinical records of 42 patients from a pediatric neuropsychiatry department diagnosed with TSC and genetic study in 21 of them. The exon 15 of TSC1 gene and exons 33, 36 and 37 of TSC2 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The relationship between the mutations found with the severity and clinical course were analyzed. Results: In 61.9% of the patients the symptoms began before 6 months of age. The initial most frequent manifestations of TSC were new onset of seizures (73.8%) and the detection of cardiac rhabdomyomas (16.6%). During the evolution of the disease all patients had neurological involvement; 92.9% had epilepsy. All patients presented hypomelanotic spots, 47.6% facial angiofibromas, 23.8% Shagreen patch, 47.6 heart rhabdomyomas and 35.7% retinal hamartomas. In the genetic study of 21 patients two heterozygous pathogenic mutations in TSC1 and one in TSC2 genes were identified. The latter had a more severe clinical phenotype. Conclusions: Neurological and dermatological manifestations were the most frequent ones in patients with TSC. Two pathogenic mutations in TSC1 and one in TSC2 genes were identified. The patient with TSC2 mutation manifested a more severe clinical phenotype.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Seizures/etiology , Tuberous Sclerosis/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics , Rhabdomyoma/etiology , Rhabdomyoma/genetics , Seizures/genetics , Tuberous Sclerosis/physiopathology , Severity of Illness Index , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Exons , Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein , Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein , Heart Neoplasms/etiology , Heart Neoplasms/genetics , Mutation
4.
Arch. chil. oftalmol ; 64(1/2): 69-78, 2007. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-665141

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de ceguera y sus causas, en personas de 50 años o mayores, en la VIII región del Bio-Bio, Chile. Materiales y método: Sesenta conglomerados de 50 personas, fueron elegidas por muestreo sistemático, siendo examinadas 2915 personas (97 por ciento) entre noviembre del 2006 y marzo del 2007. Se completó registro que incluye visión, examen del cristalino y causa de mala visión. La visión se toma con optotipo "E" (tamaños 20/60 y 20/200), con la corrección disponible y/o agujero estenopeico. El estado del cristalino fue elevado con un oftalmoscopio directo. Los planos de las áreas seleccionadas, fueron provistos por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile. Resultados: La prevalencia de ceguera bilateral ajustada a edad y sexo fue de 1.24 por ciento (CI95 por ciento: 0.8-1.8 por ciento). La catarata fue la principal causa de ceguera, siendo la prevalencia de ceguera por catarata de 0.63 por ciento (CI95 por ciento: 0.3-0.9 por ciento), estimando que afecta a unas 2.624 personas en toda la VIII región. Una limitación visual acumulada por catarata, fue detectada en 9.87 por ciento, estimando que afecta a unas 41.361 personas. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de ceguera es similar a las estimaciones realizadas por la OMS. La catarata es la principal causa de ceguera bilateral y de limitación visual siendo una causa tratable.


Objective: To determine the prevalence of blindness and its causes, in people of 50 years or greater, in VIII the region of the Bio-Bio, Chile. Materials and method: Sixty conglomerates of 50 people were chosen by systematic sampling, being examined 2915 people (97 percent) between November of 2006 and March of 2007. Registry is completed and includes vision, examination of the crystalline and causes of bad vision. The vision is taken with "E" chart (size 20/60 and 20/200), with the correction available and/or estenopeico hole. The state of the crystalline was evaluated with oftalmoscopic direct. The planes of the selected zones, were provided by the National Institute of Statistic of Chile. Results: The prevalence of bilateral blindness fit to age and sex was of 1,24 percent (CI95 percent: 0.8-1.8 percent). The cataract was the main cause of blindness, being the prevalence of blindness by cataract of 0,63 percent (CI95 percent: 0.3-0.9 percent), and affects 2,624 people in all VIII the region. An accumulated visual limitation by cataract, was detected in 9.87 percent, considering that it affects 41,361 people. Conclusions: The prevalence of blindness is similar to the estimations made by the WHO. The cataract is the main cause of bilateral blindness and visual limitation being a treatable cause.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Blindness/epidemiology , Blindness/etiology , Age and Sex Distribution , Cataract/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Data Collection , Corneal Diseases/epidemiology , Refractive Errors/epidemiology , Prevalence , Visual Acuity
5.
Arch. chil. oftalmol ; 64(1/2): 79-87, 2007. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-665142

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar la cobertura de los servicios de cirugía de catarata, los resultados postoperatorios y las barreras para no ser operados en las personas de 50 años o mayores, en la VIII región del Bio-Bio de Chile. Materiales y método: Sesenta conglomerados de 50 personas fueron elegidas por muestreo sistemático, siendo examinadas 2915 personas (97 por ciento), entre noviembre del 2006 y marzo del 2007. Se completó registro que incluyó visión, barreras para no ser operados y detalles de la cirugía realizada al cristalino. La visión se tomó con optotipo "E" (tamaños 20/60 y 20/200), con la corrección disponible y/o agujero estenopeico. Los planos de las áreas seleccionadas, fueron provistos po el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile. Resultados: El miedo es mencionado como la principal barrera de porqué una cirugía no se ha realizado. La cobertura de los servicios de catarata fue de 76 por ciento en personas ciegas y de un 51 por ciento en ojos ciegos. Al 96 por ciento de los casos se le implantó un lente intraocular, siendo la visión final mejor a 20/60 en un 66.7 por ciento y menos a 20/200 enun 15.6 por ciento. Conclusiones: La catarata es la principal causa de ceguera y de limitación visual. La principal barreras es el miedo a ser operado que debe ser atenuado con campañas informativas. Para controlar la ceguera se debe incrementar la cobertura de cirugía de catarata.


Purpose: To determine the coverage of cataract surgery, its results and barriers to be operated on, among people of 50 years or older, in VIII region, Bio-Bio, Chile. Methods: Sixty conglomerates of 50 people were chosen by systematic sampling, being examined 2915 cases (97 percent) between november 2006 and march 2007. A detailed registry that included visual acuity, barriers to be operated on, and details about the surgery performed was filled in every case. Visual acuity was taken with the "E" optotype (20/60 and 20/200 size), with the optical correction available and/or with a pinhole. Maps of selected areas were provided by National Statistics Institute of Chile. Results: Fear was mentioned as the main barrier to be operated on. Coverage of cataract service was 76 percent in blind people and 51 percent in blind eyes. An intraocular lens was implanted in 96 percent of cases, achieving a final visual acuity of 20/60 or better in 66.7 percent and a visual acuity less than 20/200 in 15.6 percent. Conclusions: Cataract is the main cause of blindness and visual limitation. Fear was refered as the main barrier to be operated on, and it should be attenuated with an informative campaign. In order to control preventable blindness, the coverage of cataract surgery should be increased.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cataract Extraction/statistics & numerical data , Cataract Extraction/psychology , Health Services Coverage , Attitude to Health , Aphakia/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Data Collection , Cataract Extraction , Fear , Patient Dropouts , Patient Satisfaction , Treatment Outcome , Visual Acuity
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